For a large Indigenous-focused research project that includes in-depth interviews and the collection of blood and saliva for genomic analyses, which sequencing order is recommended: a) initiate community engagement prior to seeking REB review; b) engage community and seek REB review simultaneously; c) seek REB review before engaging; d) community engagement is optional?

• A. Researchers should initiate community engagement prior to seeking REB review.
• B. Community engagement and REB review should be initiated simultaneously.
• C. Researchers should initiate REB review before community engagement.
• D. Community engagement is optional.

Answer: (A)

Starting community engagement before seeking ethics review is essential because it places the community’s values, priorities, and governance at the center of how the research will be conducted, especially when genomic data are involved. In Indigenous-focused research, TCPS2 guidance emphasizes that communities should have meaningful input into study aims, methods, and how data and biospecimens are owned, stored, accessed, and potentially shared in the future. Engaging early helps researchers understand community priorities, obtain governance permissions or approvals, and co-develop consent processes and data management plans that align with community expectations. This upfront collaboration also helps identify any necessary modifications to the protocol so the ethics review can address culturally appropriate procedures, risk mitigation, and benefit-sharing from the start. Waiting to engage until after or during REB review risks misalignment with community expectations, delays, and erosion of trust—risks that are amplified when genomic data are involved. Because genetic work raises long-term privacy and sovereignty considerations, establishing clear terms of data use and governance from the outset is particularly important. Ongoing community engagement throughout the project remains vital to ensure continued alignment and accountability.