In studies involving Indigenous participants that include both in-depth interviews and genomic analyses, is it appropriate to collect blood and saliva for genomic analyses as part of the broader research?

• A. Yes
• B. No
• C. Not sure
• D. Only with consent

Answer: (A)

When Indigenous participants are involved in studies that mix in-depth interviews with genomic analyses, collecting blood or saliva can be appropriate if there is robust, informed consent that clearly covers the genomic component, its potential future use, data sharing, and storage. The key is that participants understand what will be collected, why, how it will be used, who will have access, and how their samples and data will be protected. In Indigenous contexts, this also means engaging with the community and respecting data governance and sovereignty, such as obtaining community approval or agreements that outline who controls, accesses, and benefits from the materials and information (OCAP-like considerations). If the consent process is thorough and governance measures are in place, adding genomic analyses to a broader study aligns with ethical practices and respects both individual autonomy and community interests.