The guidance in Chapter 9 may apply to non-Indigenous communities.

• A. True
• B. False
• C. It may apply
• D. Only Indigenous communities

Answer: (C)

Chapter 9 emphasizes engaging Indigenous communities with respect, shared governance, and benefit in research, including how data is stewarded. The core ideas—consulting with community representatives, obtaining meaningful consent, ensuring benefits to the community, and honoring governance structures—are valuable for ethical partnerships with any group, not just Indigenous ones. Because these principles support ethical, collaborative research with communities, the guidance can be relevant to non-Indigenous contexts as well. Some Indigenous-specific elements (like data sovereignty concepts such as OCAP) would need adaptation outside Indigenous settings, but the emphasis on community authority, reciprocity, and responsible conduct still fits broader use. So it may apply.