The principle that the burdens and benefits of research should be distributed fairly is most closely associated with which concept?

• A. Respect for Persons
• B. Justice
• C. Beneficence
• D. Autonomy

Answer: (B)

Distributing the burdens and benefits of research fairly is about justice. Justice in research ethics requires fair subject selection and equitable sharing of risks and benefits across people and groups, ensuring that no one bears undue burdens or is unfairly excluded from potential benefits, and that vulnerable populations are protected from exploitation. While Respect for Persons centers on treating individuals as autonomous agents and protecting those with diminished autonomy, Beneficence focuses on maximizing benefits and minimizing harms to participants, and Autonomy highlights the right to make informed, voluntary decisions. Thus the principle that best fits the idea of fair distribution of burdens and benefits is justice.