What privacy concerns are associated with genetic data under TCPS 2?

• A. Genetic data can be freely shared with no restrictions.
• B. There are no privacy concerns specific to genetic data.
• C. Once data is used, it cannot be re-identified.
• D. Potential for familial and long-range privacy implications and the need for careful data sharing restrictions.

Answer: (D)

Genetic data bring privacy concerns that are broader than other types of personal information because it can reveal details about family members and may be used in ways beyond the original consent or beyond what was imagined at the outset. TCPS 2 requires researchers to anticipate these familial and long-range privacy implications and to implement safeguards through careful data sharing, governance, and consent language. This is why the statement about familial and long-range privacy implications and the need for restricted data sharing best captures the reality of genetic data management. The other options are inconsistent with TCPS 2: privacy concerns exist and require protection, genetic data cannot be freely shared with no restrictions, and de-identified data can still pose re-identification risks or be linked to relatives.